Esther

For if you keep silence at such a time as this, relief and deliverance will rise for the Jews from another quarter, but you and your father's family will perish. Who knows? Perhaps you have come to royal dignity for just such a time as this. (Esther 4.14)

One of the more uncomfortable features of the story is that once the Jews had risen to power at the end of the book, they brutally slaughtered their enemies.

We know nothing at all about the author of Esther – neither tradition nor scholarship suggests a name. 

Whether it was written near the time it was set, or later, the purpose of Esther is twofold:

• To inspire the celebration of the feast of Purim, which celebrates the events told in the story
• To hold up an example to Jews living in foreign lands as to how they should live in the face of persecution

Most people think that the King Ahasuerus referred to in the book was either King Xerxes (486–465 BC) or Artaxerxes (465–358 BC).  Either way, the book is set well after Cyrus allowed the exiles to return home in 538 BC and therefore reflects a different scenario. These were Jews who remained in Babylon/Persia after the return from exile and had made a life there.

What were people feeling?

The book suggests that the Jews who were still living in Persia, probably by choice, still faced dilemmas and uncertainties about how to live as Jews in a foreign land.

Other books set around this time

Daniel 

Esther is one of the hardest books to assign to a genre in the whole of the Bible. It tells a story from history but isn’t quite history. There is a range of suggestions about it from ‘narrative history’ (i.e. a historical story) through to ‘satiric melodrama’.  See what kind of a book you think it is as you read it.

1.1–22 The King banishes Vashti
2.1–18 Esther is chosen as queen
2.19–23 Mordecai, Esther cousin, saves the King’s life
3.1–15 Haman, the King’s right-hand man, plots to slaughter all Jews
4.1–17 Esther decides to try and save he people     
5.1–8 Esther invites the King and Haman to a banquet
5.9–14 Haman builds gallows for Mordecai
6.1–13 Mordecai is honoured by the King
6.14–7.10 Esther appeals to the King and Haman is hanged
8.1–17 The edict to annihilate the Jews is reversed
9.1–10.13 The Jews take vengeance on their enemies and the feast of Purim is established

There will be lots of names you will not know; don’t worry if you can’t place them all. The key ones are given below.

Place

Susa, Persia, Media, Babylon, Jerusalem, Judah, Persia, Tarshish

The names of people and peoples

Benjaminite, Jeconiah, Medes, Nebuchadnezzar II, Persians

Other words

Purim, post exilic period, Nisan

One of the biggest discussions about the book is the question of what it is really about. See what you think as you read. 

There are great heroes and villains in the story, and they can look a bit stereotypical. Notice this as you read and see if you think there is anyone who does not fit into the stereotypes.

A key theme in the book is poetic justice (Haman is hanged on his own gallows) – reflect on this theme as you read.

Esther’s decision to save her people, in the end, was a clear choice. Who might we be called on to save today and how would we make that choice?

• Were there any parts of the book that you particularly liked or that inspired you?
• Were there any parts of the book that you disliked or that troubled you?
• What did you think the book was about?
• The book of Esther is famous for never mentioning the word ‘God’. Did you find any glimmers of God even though he was never mentioned?
• Why do you think Esther was included in the canon of Scripture? 
• The story of Esther is a story of people finding the courage to intervene in dangerous and difficult situations. Where might we be called to find similar courage today?
• Did you read anything in the book that touched you, expanded your faith or made you think more deeply about your life and how you live it?